Neuro-Physiotherapy

Neuro-Physiotherapy Masterclass Hub

Complete Study Guide: Classification, Pathophysiology, Clinical Syndromes, and Phased Rehabilitation Protocols for Exam Success

1. Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders

Vascular Trauma

Stroke (CVA): Classification & Management

[Image of Circle of Willis vascular supply areas]

• Ischemic vs. Hemorrhagic
• MCA, ACA, PCA Syndromes
• Spasticity & Brunnstrom Stages

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Acute Rehab

Hemiplegia: Early Bed Exercises

• Positioning for Tone Inhibition
• Bridge, Rolling & Transfers
• Preventing Shoulder Subluxation

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Trauma

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

[Image of Glasgow Coma Scale GCS table]

• GCS and Rancho Los Amigos Scales
• Primary vs. Secondary Injury
• ICP Management & Rehab

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Spinal Trauma

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

• ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS)
• Spinal Shock & Autonomic Dysreflexia
• Functional Outcomes by Level

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Spinal Pathology

Myelopathies & Cord Syndromes

• Traumatic vs. Degenerative
• Central & Anterior Cord Syndromes
• Cauda Equina vs. Conus Medullaris

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Demyelinating

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Fatigue

• Primary vs. Secondary Fatigue
• Uhthoff's Phenomenon
• The "4 P's" of Energy Conservation

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Coordination

Cerebellar Ataxia Rehab

• Frenkel's Coordination Exercises
• Weighting & Balance Training
• Gait Ataxia Management

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Vestibular

Vestibular Rehabilitation (VRT)

• Adaptation vs. Habituation
• Gaze Stability (VOR x1)
• BPPV vs. Hypofunction

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2. Movement Disorders & PNS

Basal Ganglia

Parkinson’s Disease (PD)

• TRAP Symptoms
• Hoehn & Yahr Staging
• Auditory Cues & LSVT BIG

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Inherited

Muscular Dystrophy (MD)

• DMD, BMD Classification
• Gowers’ Sign & Pseudohypertrophy
• Respiratory Care

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Polyneuropathy

Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)

[Image of Guillain-Barre syndrome ascending paralysis mechanism]

• Ascending Paralysis Pattern
• Acute vs. Recovery Phase
• Avoiding Overwork Weakness

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Trauma

Peripheral Nerve Injuries (PNI)

• Seddon Classification
• Wallerian Degeneration
• Splinting & Recovery

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Pathology

Polyneuropathy

• Diabetic & Alcoholic Neuropathy
• Stocking-Glove Sensory Loss
• Autonomic Dysfunction

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Infection

Poliomyelitis & Post-Polio

• LMN Flaccid Paralysis
• Anterior Horn Cell Pathology
• Energy Conservation in PPS

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3. Neuro-Rehab Approaches & Techniques

Approaches

Bobath vs. PNF vs. Brunnstrom

• Inhibition vs. Facilitation
• Using Synergies vs. Stopping Them
• Comparison Table

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Motor Control

Motor Learning Principles

• Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous
• Massed vs. Distributed Practice
• Feedback: KP vs. KR

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Evidence Based

Neuroplasticity: 10 Principles

• Use it or Lose it
• Specificity & Intensity
• Salience & Transference

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Technique

CIMT (Constraint Induced)

• Learned Non-Use Theory
• Restraint + Massed Practice
• Shaping Techniques

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Modality

Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES)

• Foot Drop & Shoulder Subluxation
• Parameters & Electrode Placement
• Contraindications

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Sensory

Sensory Re-education

• Desensitization vs. Re-education
• Discriminative Training
• Mirror Therapy

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4. Pediatric Rehabilitation

Development

Milestones Chart (0-5 Years)

• Gross Motor & Fine Motor
• Reflex Integration
• Red Flags for Referral

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Pathology

Cerebral Palsy (CP)

[Image of cerebral palsy classification types spastic ataxic dyskinetic]

• Spastic, Ataxic, Dyskinetic
• GMFCS Levels I-V
• Management Strategies

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Genetic

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

• Hypotonia & Ligament Laxity
• Atlanto-Axial Instability Safety
• Treadmill Training & Orthotics

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Assessment

The Floppy Infant (Hypotonia)

• Central vs. Peripheral Causes
• Scarf Sign & Traction Response
• Handling Techniques

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Neurodevelopment

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• Motor Planning (Dyspraxia)
• Toe Walking Management
• Sensory Integration Strategies

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Sensory

Sensory Integration (SI) Basics

• Vestibular & Proprioception
• Seeking vs. Avoiding Behaviors
• The "Sensory Diet"

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Orthopedic

Pediatric Gait Deviations

• In-toeing & Out-toeing
• Bow Legs vs. Knock Knees
• Idiopathic Toe Walking

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Birth Injury

Erb’s vs. Klumpke’s Palsy

[Image of Erb's palsy waiter's tip deformity]

• Waiter's Tip vs. Claw Hand
• C5-C6 vs. C8-T1 Injuries
• Splinting & Recovery

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Exercise

Pediatric Strengthening

• Safety & Growth Plate Myths
• Play-based resistance
• Protocols for CP and DMD

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